The latest developments in the commercial register and trade names systems

BY Nassr Albarakati · 20 October 2024

Table of content

How Saudi Arabia's Commercial Registration and Trade Names Laws Are Reshaping the Business Landscape

Have you ever wondered how laws themselves can become the driving force behind a better business environment? In Saudi Arabia, the Commercial Registration Law and the Trade Names Law have undergone substantial updates that have changed the rules of the game entirely. From removing longstanding obstacles to introducing more flexible solutions for entrepreneurs and investors, these changes go beyond simplifying procedures. They pave the way toward a more transparent and innovative future.

In this article, we look at the most significant improvements to these two laws and how they are helping create a more attractive commercial environment for both local and international investors.

Get ready to see how Saudi Arabia's legal framework is redrawing the roadmap to success for entrepreneurs, and discover how you can put these changes to work for you.

In Saudi Arabia, the legal system is a central pillar of the Kingdom's business development, and as the country continues to evolve, updating certain regulations to align with the ambitions of Vision 2030 has become essential. Two of these regulations, the Commercial Registration Law and the Trade Names Law, have undergone important reforms aimed at building a more transparent and reliable business environment.

The Commercial Registration Law: Fundamental Reforms

What is the new law designed to achieve? The updated law aims to simplify business registration procedures, ease the financial burden on establishments, and provide greater transparency in commercial data, all of which benefit merchants and investors alike. Here is how the system has evolved.

Abolishing sub-registers. Under the previous system, every activity required its own sub-register, which complicated procedures and drove up costs. Under the new law, sub-registers have been abolished, allowing merchants to rely on a single commercial registration covering all their activities, with a five-year grace period to bring existing registrations into line.

Removing the geographic restriction on commercial registration. Under the previous system, a commercial registration was tied to a specific geographic location, which could limit a business's ability to expand. Under the new law, merchants can register their commercial activities under a single, Kingdom-wide registration, giving them the freedom to operate and expand without geographic restrictions.

Easing penalties and offering alternatives. Under the previous system, merchants were required to pay financial penalties for violations, with the possibility of having their registration cancelled after thirty days. Under the new law, alternative measures such as warnings and correction periods have replaced financial penalties in many cases, and cancellation now only follows a full year of inactivity, giving merchants considerably more flexibility.

The Trade Names Law: Stronger Protection, Greater Flexibility

Why was the Trade Names Law updated? The update was designed to foster a more competitive environment while strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights. Here is how the law addressed some of the most pressing issues.

Simplifying trade name registration. Under the previous system, trade names could only be registered in Arabic. Under the new law, businesses can now register names in other languages and may include letters and numbers, supporting greater diversity and making it easier for foreign investors to enter the Saudi market.

Allowing names to be reserved before registration. Under the previous system, a trade name had to be registered outright, with no option to reserve it in advance. Under the new law, entrepreneurs can now reserve a trade name for a set period, renewable if needed, giving them more flexibility to develop their projects before completing formal registration.

Allowing trade names to be transferred independently. Under the previous system, a trade name was tied to its establishment and could not be transferred on its own. Under the new law, trade names can now be transferred independently of the establishment itself, making it easier to buy, sell, and transfer them between merchants and companies.

Strengthening protection and defining prohibited names. Under the previous system, the general criteria for trade names were unclear, and it was possible to register a name similar to that of an existing establishment as long as the business activity differed. Under the new law, clear and precise criteria for prohibited names are now in place, and the registration of similar names is no longer permitted even where the activities differ, strengthening protection and reducing the risk of confusion.

How These Reforms Strengthen the Business Environment

These reforms reflect Saudi Arabia's commitment to developing legislation that supports a favorable, integrated business environment, one defined by flexibility and a drive toward innovation. By reducing administrative burdens and increasing transparency and reliability, entrepreneurs can focus on growing their businesses rather than navigating complex registration procedures and bureaucratic red tape.

What do you think of these reforms? Do you see them as a meaningful step toward realizing Vision 2030 through greater support for innovation and investment? Share your experiences and thoughts with us, we would love to hear how these changes have affected your business.

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Have you ever wondered how laws themselves can become the driving force behind a better business environment? In Saudi Arabia, the Commercial Registration Law and the Trade Names Law have undergone substantial updates that have changed the rules of the game entirely. From removing longstanding obstacles to introducing more flexible solutions for entrepreneurs and investors, these changes go beyond simplifying procedures. 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قواعد المستفيد الحقيقي المنشورة بتاريخ 22/8/1446هـ

26 February 2025

مُقدِّمَة:في إطار مكافحة التستُّر التجاري وضمان الامتثال للمعايير التجارية الدولية؛ قد أصدرَت وزارة التجارة قواعد المستفيد الحقيقي؛ بموجب القرار (235)، وتاريخ 13/8/1446هـ، على أن يتم نفاذها بتاريخ 5/10/1446هـ، الموافق 3/4/2025م، وذلك بالتزامُن مع سريان نظام السجل التجاري الجديد، وإليكُم أبرز تفاصيل هذه القواعد:أولًا: الأهداف:أوضَحَت المادة (الثانية) الأهداف المرجوَّة من تطبيق قواعد المستفيد الحقيقي، وهي كالآتي:·      رفع مستوى شفافية الشركات، توافقًا مع المُتطلبات الدولية.·      تكوين قاعدة بيانات؛ لتسجيل وحفظ بيانات المستفيد الحقيقي.وقد أُعِدَّت هذه القواعد وفقًا لتوصيات مجموعة العمل المالي (FATF)، وأفضل التقارير والممارسات الدولية.ثانيًا: نطاق سريان هذه القواعد:قَصَرت المادة (الثالثة) نطاق سريان القواعد على الشركات الخاضعة لأحكام النظام، ما عَدَا شركة المساهمة المدرجة في السوق المالية.ثالثًا: معايير تحديد وصف المستفيد الحقيقي: أوضَحَت المادة (الرابعة) هذه المعايير؛ حيثُ يُعدَّ الشخص مستفيدًا حقيقيًّا إذا تحقَّقَ فيه أحد الشروط التالية:1. امتلاك 25% من رأس مال الشركة على الأقل، بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر.2. السيطرة على 25% من إجمالي حقوق التصويت في الشركة على الأقل، بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر.3. أن يكون لهُ تعيين -أو عزل- المدير أو أغلبية مجلس الإدارة أو الرئيس، بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر.4. الذي يملُك التأثير المباشر أو غير المباشر في أعمال أو قرارات الشركة.5. أن يكون ممثلًا نظاميًا لشخصية اعتبارية ينطبقُ عليها أيٍّ من المعايير المنصُوص عليها في البنود السابقة.إذا لم يتحقق أي من المعايير السابقة، يُعد مدير الشركة أو عضو مجلس إدارتها أو رئيسها هو المستفيد الحقيقي.رابعًا: التزامات الشركة:قرَّرَت المادة (الخامسة) من القواعد بعض التزامات الشركات، ومنها ما يلي:1) يجب على المؤسسين عند طلب التأسيس الإفصاح عن بيانات المستفيد الحقيقي.2) يجب على الشركات القائمة وقت نفاذ القواعد الإفصاح عن بيانات المستفيد الحقيقي إلى الوزارة، وذلك خلال مدة تنتهي بحلول تاريخ استحقاق التأكيد السنوي، وذلك في السنة (الأولى) من نفاذ هذه القواعد.3) إذا كانت الشركة مُعفاة من متطلبات الإفصاح عن بيانات المستفيد الحقيقي، بناءً على المادة (السادسة) من هذه القواعد؛ فيجبُ على المؤسسين أو الشركة -بحسب الأحوال- تقديم ما يثبت ذلك للوزارة.4)    تلتزم الشركة ببعضِ الأمور الأخرى، ومنها:Ø إعداد سجل خاص لقيد بيانات المستفيد الحقيقي، على أن يُحفَظ في المملكة.Ø تحديد المستفيد الحقيقي من الشركة، والحفاظ على إجراء تحديثِ بياناته.Ø إبلاغ الوزارة بأيِّ تغيير أو تعديل يطرأ على البياناتِ خلال (15) يومًا.Ø التقدم للوزارة بتأكيد سنوي للبيانات المفصَح عنها.خامسًا: الإعفاء من متطلّب الإفصاح:لقد بيَّنَت المادة (السادسة) بعض الشركات المعفاة، وهي:1- الشركات التي تملكها الدولة بالكامل أو أحد أجهزتها الاعتبارية، بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر.2- الشركة الخاضِعَة لأيٍّ من إجراءات التصفية وَفق نظام الإفلاس.3- كما يُمكن للوزير منح إعفاءات إضافية من متطلب الإفصاح وَفق الحاجة.سادسًا: الإجراءات والتدابير:وضَعَت المادة (السابعة) من القواعد بعض الإجراءات والتدابير بشأنِ الإفصاح، وهي:1- حق الوزارة في طلب أي بيانات حول المستفيد الحقيقي، والشركات ملزمة بتقديمها خلال 15 يومًا من تاريخ الطلب.2- كما أنَّه يتم إبلاغ المستفيد إلكترونيًّا -من حلال الهاتف أو البريد الإلكتروني- عند تسجيله أو تحديث بياناته.3- تُصدر الوزارة دليلًا إرشاديًا لمساعدة الشركات في الامتثال لكافةِ قواعد الإفصاح عن المستفيد الحقيقي.سابعًا: سجل المستفيد الحقيقي:ذَكرَت المادة (الثامنة) أن الوزارة ستُنشئ سجلًا يحفظ بيانات الشركات المقيدة لدى السجل التجاري، وبيانات المستفيدين الحقيقيين، وأسباب تحديثها؛ وأوجبت أن يكون مشمولًا ببعض بيانات المستفيد الحقيقي:Ø   الاسم وبيانات الهوية الوطنية أو جواز السفر لغير السعوديين.Ø   العنوان الوطني أو عنوان محل الإقامة.Ø   رقم الهاتف المحمول، والبريد الإلكتروني -إن وُجِد-.Ø   معيار تحقق وصف المستفيد الحقيقي، وتاريخ ذلك.ثامنًا: حفظ بيانات المستفيد الحقيقي:قرَّرَت المادة (الثامنة) أنَّ الوزارة ستحتفظ ببيانات سجل المستفيد الحقيقي لمدةِ (5) سنوات من تاريخ:·      زوال صفة المستفيد الحقيقي.·      شطب قيد الشركة من السجل التجاري.تاسعًا: سرية سجل المستفيد الحقيقي:أقرَّت المادة (التاسعة) مبدأ سرية سجل المستفيد الحقيقي، حيث تتخذ الوزارة الإجراءات اللازمة لضمان سرية سجل المستفيد الحقيقي، ولا تُتاح هذه البيانات إلا للجهات الرقابية، والسلطات المختصة؛ وفقًا للأنظمة ذات العلاقة.عاشرًا: عقوبات المخالفات:نصَّت المادة (الحادية عشرة) من القواعد على تطبيق العقوبة المنصوص عليها في المادتين (262) و(264) من نظام الشركات (بغرامة تصل إلى 500 ألف ريال أو بأيِّ عقوبة بديلة) على الشركة التي لم تلتزم بالآتي ذكره:1- الإفصاح عن بيانات المستفيد الحقيقي.2- تحديث البيانات المفصح عنها خلال المدة المقررة.3- تقديم التأكيد السنوي خلال المدة المقررة.ختامًا:تُمثِّل قواعد المستفيد الحقيقي خطوة جوهرية نحو تحقيق المزيد من الشفافية وحماية الاقتصاد الوطني من أي ممارسات قد تُؤثِّر على نزاهة بيئة الأعمال التجارية والاستثمارية. إنَّ الامتثال لهذه القواعد هو مفتاح النجاح والاستدامة لكل الشركات التجارية، خاصة على مستوى الاقتصاد الوطني، لذا؛ يُنصح جميع الشركات بمراجعة أوضاعها والحرص على الإفصاح عن بيانات المستفيد الحقيقي تجنُّبًا لأيَّةِ مخالفات أو جزاءات قد تُؤثِّر عليها....

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